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List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)
This is a list of the butterflies of family Papilionidae, or the 'Swallowtails', which are found in India. This family of large and beautiful butterflies is well represented with about 84 species found within Indian borders, the exact number depending on the taxonomy followed.〔Evans (1932) states,in a table on pg 23, the number of papilionids in the Indian subcontinent as 90; 15 species being found in Ceylon, 19 in South India, 6 in Baluchistan, 11 in Chitral, 31 in the Western Himalayas, 69 in Northeast India, 50 in Southern Burma and 13 in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Wynter-Blyth (1957) gives a modified version of the same table on p. 12, where the overall number of species is 94; with differences being in total number of species for Northeast Himalayas (62) and Burma (66). The present list is based on the IUCN red data book, with corrections made by subsequent editors especially in the Parnassiinae.〕〔Kunte (2000) on p. 55 mentions a total of 107 species with 19 in peninsular India.〕
Two of the three papilionid subfamilies are represented in India, namely, the Parnassiinae, or 'Apollos', with 14 species, and, the Papilioninae, or 'Swallowtails', with 70 species.
==Diversity of Indian swallowtails==
Indian swallowtails are found almost everywhere in the country. The Malabar Banded Peacock ''Papilio buddha'' and the Malabar Banded Swallowtail ''Papilio liomedon'' fly at sea level while the Apollos, ''Parnassius'' spp, are to be found only in the highest alpine meadows of the Himalayas. Some species such as the Common Mormon ''Papilio polytes'' and the Blue Mormon ''Papilio polymnestor'' fly at ground level whereas others, such as the Tailed Jay ''Graphium agamemnon'' are normally found flying high in the forest canopy. The Lime butterfly ''Papilio demoleus'' is a creature of arid scrub-land, occasionally being spotted even in the Thar desert, while the tropical evergreen forests have their own representatives, such as the Red Helen ''Papilio helenus'', the Common Bluebottle ''Graphium cloanthus'' and the Malabar Raven.〔Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) Butterflies of Peninsular India, chapter 5.1, pg 55-58.〕 Indian papilionids such as the Common Mormon (''Papilio polytes'') and Great Mormon (''Papilio memnon'') show polymorphism with many mimetic female forms.〔Clarke, C.A.; Sheppard, P.M. & Thornton, I.W.B. ''The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio memnon L.'' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. (B - Biological Sciences) 22 August 1968 vol. 254 no. 791 37-89. (Abstract ). Accessed on 20 Jan 2010.〕〔Clarke, C.A. & Sheppard, P.M. ''The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio polytes L.'' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. (Series B, Biological Sciences) Vol. 263, No. 855 (16 Mar. 1972), pp. 431-458. (Abstract ). Accessed on 20 Jan 2010.〕
While spread over all the biogeographic zones of India, amongst swallowtails, endemism is found only in the Western Ghats. Notable endemics are the Southern Birdwing (''Troides minos''), Malabar Banded Swallowtail(''Papilio liomedon''), Malabar Raven (''Papilio dravidarum''), Malabar Rose (''Pachliopta pandiyana'') and the Malabar Banded Peacock (''Papilio buddha'').
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